Tutela de un menor
Temas en esta página:
- Tutela de un menor
- Tipos de Guardianes
- Tutela en espera
- Persona interesada
- Proceso judicial
- Requisitos de capacitación y presentación de informes
Tutela de un menor
Guardianship is a legal process where the court appoints a person to manage a minor’s personal affairs (non-financial decisions), financial affairs, or both. The court can appoint one person to manage the minor’s personal affairs and another to manage the minor’s financial affairs. The court can also appoint two people as co-guardians to share the guardianship responsibilities. The court is the ultimate guardian and will monitor the guardianship.
Lee las reglas: Reglas del Maryland, Título 10
Some people think of guardianship as a subset of custody. Specifically, some consider guardianship to be a less intrusive alternative to custody for accomplishing certain purposes. While both aim to ensure minors' well-being, custody and guardianship are two different legal processes with different responsibilities, procedures, and rights. If you are not sure which option is best for your situation, talk to an attorney.
Tipos de Guardianes
Guardián de la persona – A guardian of the person takes care of the minor’s personal and physical needs. This includes providing for everyday needs, such as food, clothing, housing, education, health, and social decisions. This can also include arranging for the minor's home health care and services.
The guardian of the person advocates for the minor and acts in the minor’s best interests. The court order will have specific information about the guardian’s responsibilities and powers. Read the Rule: Md. Rules: Title 10, Ch. 200
Guardián de la propiedad – Un tutor de la propiedad administra los asuntos financieros del menor y toma decisiones financieras que redundan en el mejor interés del menor. Ejemplos de decisiones financieras incluyen la recaudación de ingresos, la solicitud de beneficios, la administración de propiedades y el pago de facturas. La orden judicial tendrá información específica sobre las responsabilidades y poderes del tutor. Read the Rule: Md. Rules: Title 10, Ch. 300
Tutor de la persona y de los bienes – The court can appoint one person to manage the minor's personal and financial affairs.
Note: A minor who is 14 years old and older may choose their guardian. If the court finds that the appointment of the minor’s choice of guardian is not in the minor’s best interest, the court may choose a different guardian.
Lea la ley: Código de Maryland, Sucesiones y Fideicomisos §§ 13-201, 13 - 702
Tutela en espera
A standby guardian is a person appointed by a parent of a minor to take care of that minor in the event that the parent becomes:
- Fallecido o mentalmente incapacitado
- Debilitado por una enfermedad o lesión.
- Subject to adverse immigration action
Guardianship does not constitute custody. At least one parent must consent to the appointment. A parent may revoke their consent to the standby guardianship at any time. Parents do not lose their parental rights at any time. Learn more about standby guardianship.
Read the Rule: Md. Rules: Title 10, Ch. 400
Persona interesada
In guardianship cases, interested persons are people affected when the court appoints a guardian for another person or anybody who has assumed responsibility for the minor or disabled person. They may petition for guardianship and can help the court by being the “eyes and ears” in a guardianship case. The court recognizes legally defined classes of people as interested persons, which include:
- The minor or disabled person
- Padres
- Hijos adultos
- hermanos
- Grandchildren.
- Los cónyuges.
- Otros parientes
Government agencies paying benefits to the minor or (alleged) disabled person are also interested persons such as:
- Administración de la Seguridad Social
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs;
- Any person with an interest in the minor or (alleged) disabled person’s property;
- Others considered appropriate by the court.
An interested person is entitled to certain court notifications and may become involved in the case. The notification requirement can be waived. Learn more about the role of the interested person.
Proceso judicial
To obtain guardianship of a minor, you should file a petition for guardianship in the name of the minor. Guardianship forms and instructions can be found on the Sitio web de los tribunales de Maryland.
The procedure to obtain guardianship of a minor is essentially the same as the procedure to obtain guardianship of an alleged disabled person. Conozca más sobre el proceso de obtención de la tutela de adultos.
However, there are some differences between the process and procedures for guardianship of a minor versus an alleged disabled adult. Below are some examples. This is a partial list. You should carefully review the Maryland Rules, which are the rules of procedure you must follow for the guardianship proceeding.
- Consentimiento de los padres – If possible, each parent’s consent must be obtained. If you are unable to obtain consent because you are unable to contact, locate, or identify either parent, then you must file an affidavit with the court that describes your attempts to contact, locate, or identify the parents.
- Multiple Minors- Generalmente, se debe presentar una petición separada para cada menor. Sin embargo, una petición puede incluir una solicitud de tutela de dos o más hermanos plenos en situación similar. Tenga en cuenta que habría una orden de tutela separada para cada hermano.
- Formulario de Petición – La forma de petición de tutela del menor es distinta a la forma o petición de tutela de un presunto adulto incapacitado.
Lea las reglas: Md. Reglas Título 10, Capítulo 100, Capítulo 200; y Capítulo 300
Requisitos de capacitación y presentación de informes
Prospective guardians must meet orientation requirements and watch este vídeo en el sitio web de los tribunales de Maryland. After watching the entire video, you will need to complete a certificate of completion and file it with the court. More information, including a link to the formulario de certificado, es disponible en el sitio web de los tribunales de Maryland.
Once you have been appointed the guardian of the person and/or the guardian of the property of a minor, you must complete a training program. This program may be offered in person or online. Contact the court that appointed you as guardian for information about the training requirement.
In addition to training requirements, you have ongoing reporting and record keeping requirements. For example, guardians of the property must file an initial inventory with the court within 60 days of appointment. The inventory must list all assets and income in the guardianship estate at the time you were appointed. You must also file an annual Fiduciary Account with the court.
Lea su orden de tutela con mucha atención. Amplia información sobre sus requisitos continuos de capacitación y presentación de informes. disponible en el sitio web de los tribunales de Maryland.